Fig. 6: Early type 1 and type 2 CPECs, with later type 2 contraction. | Nature Communications

Fig. 6: Early type 1 and type 2 CPECs, with later type 2 contraction.

From: Sequential emergence and contraction of epithelial subtypes in the prenatal human choroid plexus revealed by a stem cell model

Fig. 6

A, B Venn diagram of all enriched KEGG pathways (p < 0.05 with Bonferroni correction) (A) and top-10 GO terms for C2 cells (B) based on top-300 DEGs of C1 and C2 clusters at 31 div. Microtubule/ciliogenesis-associated terms are highlighted. C1 (pink) is enriched for metabolic and energy-related pathways, while C2 (blue) is enriched for microtubule/ciliogenesis terms. C1 and C2 subtypes share enrichment for neurodegenerative disease pathways. C Top-10 DEGs for C1 (left) and C2 subtypes (right) at 31 and 46 div, with microtubule/ciliogenesis-associated genes highlighted. C2 cells express ciliogenesis genes at particularly high levels. D, E Live-image cilia tracking at 42 div (D) and 110 div (E) of one cilia tip every 100 frames (0.5 s) over 50 s (100 dots). Variable motility patterns are observed at 42 div, but not at 110 div (target circles, 4.14 um in diameter). See also Supplementary Movies 1–3. F Transmission electron micrograph from a 40-div dCPEC culture. Five axonemes contain the central pair of singlet microtubules and “9 + 2” arrangement characteristic of motile cilia. G Gene expression levels (log2) of seven master regulators of ciliogenesis52. C2 cells (dashed lines) express higher levels than C1 cells (solid lines), particularly FOXN4 (red) and MCIDAS (purple). H Heatmap of NEC and dCPEC subtypes at 46 div. FOXN4 and MCIDAS distinguish C2 from C1 cells and NECs. Color scale of Z-score of DEGs. I C2 contraction in vitro (FOXN4 ICC maximal projections and violin plots with medians; 46 and 93 div). FOXN4 fractional positivity and expression levels decrease between 46 and 93 div (t-test p < 0.0001****; n = 300 cells each), although C2 cells are detectable at 93 div (arrows). J C2 contraction in vivo (MCIDAS IHC maximal projections and violin plots with medians; 23 and 42 pcw). Like FOXN4 in vitro, MCIDAS fractional positivity and expression levels decrease between 23 and 42 pcw (t-test ****p < 0.0001; 23 pcw n = 799 cells, 42 pcw n = 1504 cells), although C2 cells are detectable at 42 pcw (arrows). Source data provided as a Source Data file. See Statistics and Reproducibility section of Methods for additional information.

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