Fig. 5: Map of the Tiszapolgár-Basatanya cemetery with biological relationships between the buried individuals.

All pairs with at least 2 × 12 cM identity-by-descent (IBD) connections are marked on the cemetery map. Edges are weighted according to the total length of IBD sharing, as indicated in the legend. Colors of the edges represent different pottery styles: Tiszapolgár (red), Bodrogkeresztúr (blue) and lines connecting the two (violet). Family A and B are represented as pedigrees. The pedigree was reconstructed based on KIN, READ, IBD, hapROH analyses, as well as mitochondrial DNA and Y haplotype sharing. Black outline highlights graves and individuals in the pedigrees bearing at least 50 cM sum IBD of ROH over 20 cM in length. Source data are provided as a Source Data file and Supplementary Data 1, 11, 12. Color shades of the individuals indicate local ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr signal (vivid color) or lack of Sr isotope data (faint symbols). The presented pedigree of Family A is the simplest version explainable by the results. Besides this, several further versions could be conceivable, considering the missing family members. Family A and B have also further distant (3rd+ degree, such as graves 59 and 145 in Family B) members with uncertain positions in the pedigree that are shown by IBD connections on the cemetery map. In addition to the presented Families A and B, third-degree relatives are identified using KIN (in graves 57 and 92) in Family C. IBD results suggest that the relatives have an avuncular 2nd or ancestral third generation relationship (Supplementary Fig. 16).