Fig. 2: Characterization of CpE@BMV. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Characterization of CpE@BMV.

From: Bacterial membrane nanovesicles encapsulating prodrug assemblies combine chemical and immunological therapies for chronic bacterial infection

Fig. 2

a Representative TEM images of CpE, BMV, and CpE@BMV. Scale bar: 100 nm. For CpE@BMV, the thickness of the BMV film in CpE@BMV was around 20 nm. b Colloidal diameter of Cip+Ea, CpE, and CpE@BMV in phosphate buffer (PB, pH 7.4, 10 mM) over a 7-day period was measured using DLS. The CpE and CpE@BMV were diluted to a final concentration of 0.1 mg/mL for size measurement. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 3 biologically independent samples). c Elemental mapping image of CpE@BMV showing the distribution of P, F, and B elements. d Gray value distribution along the arrow in (c) for P, F, and B elements in CpE@BMV. e Representative nano-flow cytometry analysis of CpE@BMV. BMV and prodrug CpE core were labeled with Dil (yellow) and Cy5 (red), respectively. f Snapshots from the all-atom simulations illustrate the assembly process of CpE without BMV at different time points, with an enlargement showing the planar structure of Ea and the stacking of Ea driving aggregate formation. g Snapshots from the all-atom simulations depict the assembly process of CpE in the presence of BMV at different time points. The insertion of CpE into the bacterial membrane is indicated by the red arrows. The upper leaflet, middle leaflet, and lower leaflet of the bacterial outer membrane vesicles are represented in purple, green, and orange, respectively.

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