Fig. 7: CpE@BMV exhibits bacterial eradication activity in the peritonitis model and established immunological memory in vivo.

a Experimental scheme of the E. coli peritonitis model in female BALB/c mice. Different formulations administered via i.p. on day 1 using equivalent doses of Cip, Ea, and BMV were 1.76 mg/kg, 0.76 mg/kg, and 1.12 mg/kg, respectively (n = 4 biologically independent mice). b Bioluminescent images of the mice with peritonitis model after various treatments. c Quantified bioluminescence intensity from the images in (b) (n = 4 biologically independent mice). d₁–d₆ Quantitative analysis of survival E. coli in d₁ heart, d₂ liver, d₃ spleen, d₄ lung, d₅ kidney, and d₆ ascites fluid of the mice receiving various treatments on day 2 (n = 4 biologically independent mice). e–k Representative scatter plots of flow cytometry data and quantitative results showing the number of M1-phenotype macrophages (F4/80⁺CD80⁺) (e), M2-phenotype macrophages (F4/80⁺CD206⁺) (f), mature DCs (CD80⁺CD86⁺) (g), CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells (h), regulatory T cells (CD3⁺CD4⁺Foxp3⁺) (i), plasmablasts (CD138⁺CD19⁺) (j), and memory B cells (CD19⁺CD38⁻) (k) (n = 4 biologically independent mice). l–o Cytokine concentrations of TNF-α (l), IL-6 (m), IL-1β (n), and IL-10 (o) in the peritoneal fluid from the mice that received various treatments as measured by ELISA (n = 4 biologically independent mice). Data are presented as means ± s.d. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, p > 0.05, no significance (ns), *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; and ****p < 0.0001.