Fig. 5: stClinic enables the identification of metastasis-relevant TMEs by integrating primary colorectal cancer and liver metastasis datasets.

a Sample set of 14 primary CRCs and 10 LM slices. b UMAP visualization of the latent features by stClinic on 24 slices, where the colors in the left and right indicate slices and clusters, respectively. c Heatmap showing the cell-type proportions on spatial domains identified by stClinic. d H&E plot of four representative slices: CRC1, CRC9, LM3, and LM5, where CRC9 and LM3 are from the same patient. The top panel shows the pathological annotations of four slices, while the bottom panel indicates the spatial domains identified by stClinic. e Bar plot showing the weights of different clusters in liver metastasis by stClinic. f Spatial distribution of liver metastasis-related clusters (1, 7, 9) on LM5 and LM3. g Heatmap of cluster enrichment on CRC and LM slices identified by stClinic. h Spatial expression of representative genes (SPP1, MTRNR2L12, and COL1A1) for metastasis-related cells, for slices LM5 and LM3 data denoised by stClinic. i Disease-free survival rate of patients with high and low expression patterns of the top 10 over-expressed genes for cluster 1 in colon cancer data from TCGA by GEPIA2⁸⁹. Unadjusted two-sided log-rank test. j Functional enrichment analysis of the over-expressed genes in cluster 1. Unadjusted one-sided Fisher’s exact test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.