Fig. 6: Synthetic recruitment of PFK to the cell membrane triggers co-recruitment of aldolase.
From: Self-organizing glycolytic waves tune cellular metabolic states and fuel cancer progression
a Schematic explanation of the design of experiment in (b): addition of rapamycin recruits the FKBP tagged PFK from cytosol to Lyn-FRB located in the plasma membrane by forming FKBP-rapamycin-FRB complex. The location of aldolase is visualized and measured during this perturbation. Images were created in PowerPoint using licensed elements from BioRender (Created in BioRender. Zhan, H. (2025) https://BioRender.com/i18w4bj). b Time-lapse confocal images of the iRFP-FKBP-PFK and aldolase-GFP channels in an MCF-10A M3 cell expressing Lyn-FRB, iRFP-FKBP-PFK, and aldolase-GFP treated with 1 μM rapamycin at 0 min. Scale bar is 20 μm. An additional example of another cell is shown in Supplementary Fig. 11a. Also see Supplementary Movie 16. c Kymographs of iRFP-FKBP-PFK and aldolase-GFP of the cell in (b) across the yellow line over time. d–f The means ± SEMs of the normalized intensity for cytosolic iRFP-FKBP-PFK and cytosolic aldolase-GFP from n = 19 cells expressing Lyn-FRB, iRFP-FKBP-PFK, and aldolase-GFP, before and after rapamycin treatment over time, are plotted in (d). Data from these 19 individual cells are shown in the color heat maps in (e) for FKBP-PFK and in (f) for aldolase. g Model: enrichment of glycolytic enzymes in self-organized glycolytic/F-actin waves enhance local glycolysis to provide energy for new wave formation, cell migration and other cellular processes. Images were created in BioRender using modified, licensed elements from its library (Created in BioRender. Zhan, H. (2025) https://BioRender.com/4apvlic).
