Fig. 2: Surface and cross-sectional plots of mean chain length (MCL) vs. Ca/Si and Al/Si ratios.

a Spatial surface diagram of MCL as a function of the Ca/Si and Al/Si ratios. The curved surface was constructed through the fitting of data points regarding the relationships between MCL and Ca/Si, as well as MCL and Al/Si, which were sourced from the literature26,28,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52. b Cross-sectional plot of MCL as a function of the Ca/Si ratio, with Al/Si ratios set at 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15. c Al/Si = 0.05. d Al/Si = 0.10. e Al/Si = 0.15 without interlayer aluminates. f Al/Si = 0.15 with interlayer aluminates (refer to the Al(V)). The scattered points represent the MCL results for the C-A-S-H structures generated by the CASHgen program.