Fig. 5: Correlations of the effect sizes of phosphorus (P) addition on plant biomass with functional traits across and within experimental settings.

R_m² and R_c² represent the marginal and conditional R², which are the proportion of variance explained by fixed effects and by both fixed and random effects, respectively. P values indicate statistical significance based on two-sided F-tests with Satterthwaite approximation of degrees of freedom in linear mixed models. Black lines and gray shaded areas represent the mean and 95% confidence interval of the slope, respectively. Point sizes represent their corresponding weights. Moderator variables were log-transformed based on the corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc) from both linear and logarithmic mixed-effects models. leaf [N] leaf nitrogen concentration, SLA specific leaf area, leaf C:N leaf carbon/nitrogen ratio. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.