Fig. 7: Organ-specific biomass responses to phosphorus (P) addition.

a Average effects (%) of P addition on plant biomass among different plant organ types. b Average effects (%) of P addition on mass fractions and root-shoot ratio. Cross-comparisons among different plant organ types using the data with the total plant mass that are available for calculating the mass fractions and root-shoot ratio. Points and error bars represent the bootstrapped mean and 95% confidence interval, respectively. The numbers outside and inside parentheses indicate the number of observations and plant species, respectively. If the 95% confidence interval does not overlap zero, the effects of P addition on plant biomass are considered significant (two-sided test, p < 0.05); otherwise, the effect of P addition is considered not significant. P values indicate statistical significance between organ types, based on linear mixed models with ‘organ type’ as a fixed factor and ‘study’ as random factor, tested using two-sided F-tests with Satterthwaite approximation of degrees of freedom. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.