Fig. 5: Decoding performance of high and low behavioral groups and phase synchronization.

A Participants were divided into high-performing (7 participants) and low-performing (6 participants) groups based on median recall accuracy for load 8. B Single-regional decoding accuracy was significantly higher in the high-performing group (dark color) than in the low-performing group (light color) for the entorhinal cortex (EC, blue; two-sided permutation t tests: p < 0.001), but not for the hippocampus (Hipp, red; two-sided permutation t tests: p = 0.621) or lateral temporal cortex (LTC, green; two-sided permutation t tests: p = 0.457) across all cross-validations (n = 100). ***p < 0.001. ( C) Cross-regional decoding accuracy was significantly higher in the high-performing group than in the low-performing group for the EC (two-sided permutation t-tests: p < 0.001), but not for the hippocampus (two-sided permutation t tests: p = 0.264) or LTC (two-sided permutation t-tests: p = 0.406) across all cross-validations (n = 100). ***p < 0.001. D Phase locking value (PLV) between EC and hippocampus increased significantly from load 4 (purple) to load 6 (yellow) and from load 4 to load 8 (orange) (n = 13 participants; repeated-measures ANOVA: load 4 vs load 6, p = 0.01; load 4 vs load 8, p = 0.002; load 6 vs load 8, p > 0.05). **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. E PLV between EC and LTC increased significantly from load 4 to load 8 (n = 13 participants; repeated-measures ANOVA: load 4 vs load 6, p = 0.10; load 4 vs load 8, p = 0.005; load 6 vs load 8, p = 0.79). **p < 0.01. F The average EC-residualed PLV did not differ significantly across load conditions (n = 13 participants; repeated-measures ANOVA: all ps > 0.05). In the box plots shown in (B–F), the center line represents the median, and the edges of the box correspond to the lower and upper quartiles, respectively. The whiskers extend to the minimum and maximum data points at most 1.5 times the interquartile range. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.