Table 3 Description and rationale of personalized treatment rules
From: Personalized azithromycin treatment rules for children with watery diarrhea using machine learning
Treatment Rule | Variables that determine rule | Rationale |
|---|---|---|
Comprehensive rule | Rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, ST ETEC, Shigella, Campylobacter, tEPEC, V. Cholerae, Salmonella, and Cryptosporidium quantity and detection, vomit prior to enrollment, # loose stools in 24 hours prior to enrollment, # solid stools in 24 hours prior to enrollment, diarrhea duration prior to enrollment, dehydration status at enrollment, average middle-upper arm circumference, weight-for-age z-score, weight-for-length z-score, length-for-age z-score, sex, age, SES quintile, # children <5 years in household | Uses all available data and is considered the best-informed rule |
Shigella rule | Shigella quantity and detection | Approximates availability of a diagnostic for Shigella |
Rotavirus rule | Rotavirus quantity and detection | Approximates availability of a diagnostic for rotavirus |
Pathogen quantities rule | Rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, ST ETEC, Shigella, Campylobacter, tEPEC, V. Cholerae, Salmonella, and Cryptosporidium quantity and detection | Assumes diarrhea etiology alone determines the azithromycin benefit |
Symptoms rule | Vomit prior to enrollment, # loose stools in 24 hours prior to enrollment, # solid stools in 24 hours prior to enrollment, diarrhea duration prior to enrollment, dehydration status at enrollment | Assumes clinical symptoms alone determine the azithromycin benefit |
Pathogen + symptoms rule | Rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, ST ETEC, Shigella, Campylobacter, tEPEC, V. Cholerae, Salmonella, and Cryptosporidium quantity and detection, vomit prior to enrollment, # loose stools in 24 hours prior to enrollment, # solid stools in 24 hours prior to enrollment, diarrhea duration prior to enrollment, dehydration status at enrollment | Assumes host characteristics do not affect the azithromycin benefit |
Host rule | Average middle-upper arm circumference, weight-for-age z-score, weight-for-length z-score, length-for-age z-score, sex, age, SES quintile, # children <5 years in household | Assumes only host characteristics determine the azithromycin benefit |
Host + symptoms rule | Vomit prior to enrollment, # loose stools in 24 hours prior to enrollment, # solid stools in 24 hours prior to enrollment, diarrhea duration prior to enrollment, dehydration status at enrollment, average middle-upper arm circumference, weight-for-age z-score, weight-for-length z-score, length-for-age z-score, sex, age, SES quintile, # children <5 years in household | Evaluates all data that would be readily observable in clinical settings |
