Fig. 7: Practicality of ACBs.

a Schematic diagram of the scaled-up Cd||CdI₂ full cell. b Illustration of scaled-up Cd||CdI₂ full cell powering the LED light. c Charge/discharge curves of single and two-in-series scaled-up Cd||CdI₂ full cell in 1C and 1C6N electrolytes at 50 mA. Charge/discharge curves of single scaled-up Cd||CdI₂ full cells in 1C electrolyte (d) and 1C6N electrolyte (e) at 50 mA. f The corresponding cycling performance in 1C6N electrolyte. Inset: photograph of the scaled-up CdI₂ positive electrode. An average testing temperature of 25 ± 2 °C was maintained in (c–f). g Mining, applications, and recycling of the ACBs.