Fig. 1: Flow guiding barrel design optimization.
From: Enhancing biolistic plant transformation and genome editing with a flow guiding barrel
a Comparison between the conventional gene gun and the gene gun equipped with the FGB helium and particle flow velocity profiles using computational fluid dynamics simulation model. b Schematic illustration of biolistic delivery using the conventional gene gun and the gene gun equipped with the FGB system. Images of FITC-loaded gold particles bombarded into agar gel using both delivery methods. The FGB delivers to a larger target area, allowing for higher throughput experiments. Portions of this figure were created in BioRender. c Schematic illustration of FGB placement inside the gene gun, the barrel design in the slicing software prior to 3D printing, and representative images of GFP-DNA delivery into onion epidermis cells with different FGB geometries. The lines through the entire onion samples are autofluorescence from creases in the onion tissue on the agar plate and are excluded from analysis. d Optimization of the FGB length using transient delivery of GFP-DNA into onion epidermis (n = 8 biological replicates). e Optimization of the FGB diameter using transient delivery of GFP-DNA into onion epidermis (n = 23 biological replicates for No Barrel, and n = 10 biological replicates for 10 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm diameter). f Penetration depth in agar gel using the two systems quantified via fluorescent confocal microscopy. g Bombardment area analysis conducted via fluorescent optical images using both delivery systems (n = 3 replicates). Error bars represent the mean ± s.d. P values were calculated using a two-tailed Student’s t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < .001. h) Simulation particle velocities upon impacting the tissues using the conventional gene gun and the gene gun equipped with the FGB. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
