Fig. 2: Asp/PDPA-NP intracellularly translocated into various tissue/cell types in a range of plant species.
From: Amino acid transporters mediate autonomous delivery of nanoparticle vehicles into living plants
a Uptake of Asp/PDPA-NP@DiO post adaxial (ad) surface spray observed in subepidermal spongy mesophyll cells (maize) and adaxial and abaxial epidermis (tradescantia) of mature leaves. Bar = 100 μm. White arrow heads indicate the sprayed adaxial surface of the leaf. ab: abaxial surface. Green fluorescence: DiO signal; red fluorescence: chloroplast autofluorescence. Each treatment was tested in 3 biological replicates. b Asp/PDPA-NP@DiO loaded into Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays seedling roots in hydroponic culture conditions and visualised after 6 h at 40 μm underneath the epidermis. Green fluorescence: DiO signal. Bar = 100 μm. Each treatment was observed in 3 biological replicates. Created in BioRender. Shi, B. (2025) BioRender.com/orcsbbf. c Asp/PDPA-NP@ABA slows Arabidopsis and maize seed germination in comparison to other treatments. ABA concentration and equivalent ABA concentration in (Asp/)PDPA-NP@ABA is 0.5 and 50 μM for Arabidopsis and maize, respectively. Data are presented as mean values ± SEM. Each treatment was tested in 6 replicates of 20 seeds per replicate. Significant differences were determined using Turkey’s one-way multiple comparison ANOVA test, the P value are as per noted. Created in BioRender. Shi, B. (2025) BioRender.com/wx4qesq. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
