Fig. 4: Asp/PDPA-NP in planta efficacy of conferring drought resistance in crop species.
From: Amino acid transporters mediate autonomous delivery of nanoparticle vehicles into living plants
a Seventeen-day-old wild-type Arabidopsis plants (Col-0) grown under short-day conditions and sprayed (~60 μL) with ½ MS medium (MS), 10 μM ABA, PDPA-NP or Asp/PDPA-NP loaded with/without an equivalent of 10 μM ABA before water withdrawal; b Asp/PDPA-NP@ABA increased their longevity ratio and c survival rate, following 11 d water withdrawal + 2 d rewater. Data are presented as mean values ± SEM. n = 8 biological replicates. Significant differences were determined using Turkey’s one-way multiple comparison ANOVA test, the P value are as per noted. Data are presented as box-and-whisker plots in (b), where median and 25th and 75th percentiles are represented by the middle line and, the box itself, respectively; means are indicated by a “+”. d illustration and (e) quantitative ABA contents measured in protoplasmic versus extracellular matrix compartments extracted from Arabidopsis leaves sprayed with/without Asp/PDPA-NP@ABA after 24 h (n = 3 biological replicates, each replicate is the total amount of ABA collected from 48 plants. Data are presented as mean values ± SEM. Significant differences were determined using Turkey’s one-way multiple comparison ANOVA test, the P value are as per noted.). Created in BioRender. Shi, B. (2025) BioRender.com/2vjshc8. f Detection of lowest Asp/PDPA-NP@ABA concentrations matching extended longevity under drought to pristine ABA at 20 d post water withdrawal, and their median survival rate, calibrated against MS, n = 3 biological replicates, each replicate is the mean increased median survival in comparison to that of MS treated controls (Supplementary Fig. 6j) of 24 plants. Data are presented as mean values ± SEM. Significant differences were determined using Turkey’s one-way multiple comparison ANOVA test. g Soybean plants (15 d-old) longevity and h their corresponding phenotypes after a single spray with Asp/PDPA-NP@ABA versus pristine ABA at an equivalent concentration of 10 μM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
