Fig. 5: Iron regulation in G. mellonella and siderophore biosynthesis pathways in M. mycetomatis.

A PPI of Ferritin genes in Drosophila melanogaster adapted from G. Xiao et al., with a focus on transferrin (Tsf1), Ferritin 1 Heavy Chain Homologue (Fer1HCH), Ferritin 2 Light Chain Homologue (Fer2LCH), Iron-regulatory protein 1A and 1B (Irp-1A and Irp-1B)⁶². Expression levels of respective G. mellonella homologs during infection are shown in the bar plot. Aconitate hydratase encoding genes LOC113511518, LOC113516537, LOC113522652, and LOC113510586 are differentially expressed during infection (three biological replicates were used at each time point, total n = 15). Data are presented as mean values ± SEM. B Generated hairpin loops in LOC113510017 and LOC113510018 transcripts, containing the conserved CAGUGU sequence characteristic for Iron-Responsive Elements (IREs). Expression of ferritin and transferrin homologous genes in G. mellonella based on LQ-ssCAGE (n = 15, 3 biological replicates per time point). In the barplot, the error bar represents the standard error of the mean (SEM). C Siderophore biosynthesis pathway adapted from Gründlinger et al.²⁸. The pathway starts with mevalonate converted to anhydromevalonyl-CoA by SidI and SidH²⁹. A. fumigatus uses three hydroxamate-type siderophores for iron uptake. The extracellular triacetylfusarinine C (TAFC), hyphal ferricrocin (FC), and conidial hydroxyferricrocin (HFC)²⁹. N⁵-hydroxyornithine is generated from ornithine by SidA. The SidG gene has no homologs gene in M. mycetomatis, and the gene marked as (?) is not characterized yet in A. fumigatus. In the PPI, SidF and SidL are annotated to the same gene in M. Mycetomatis (N(6)-hydroxylysine O-acetyltransferase). No significant similarity was found for SidG in M. mycetomatis. All siderophore genes except SidG are differentially expressed in RNA-Seq data, as shown in the bar plot (n = 15, 3 biological replicates per time point). Data are presented as mean values ± SEM. We computed a two-way ANOVA test; the data in the bar chart are represented as expression ± SEM. Source data for the bar plots are provided as a Source Data file.