Fig. 4: Electrical stimulation (ES) is rebooting DA and quelling hyper-synchronization firings. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Electrical stimulation (ES) is rebooting DA and quelling hyper-synchronization firings.

From: Integrated dopamine sensing and 40 Hz hippocampal stimulation improves cognitive performance in Alzheimer’s mouse models

Fig. 4

a Changes in DA concentration after each ES in AD mice (once at 100 μA; twice at 200 μA; thrice at 300 μA). b DA concentration in AD mice from the initial valley (the first concentration nadir observed after stimulation cessation) after ES to the repetitive valley after DA reboot (the nadir of DA concentration following spontaneous reboot and decline in the absence of electrical stimulation). c Spike firing rate in wild-type mice and AD mice pre and post each ES (n  =  20 independent micro-electrode site; data are presented as mean ± s.d.; P values: wild-type vs. Pre-ES, P < 0.0001; Pre-ES vs. 100 µA, P < 0.0001; Pre-ES vs. 200 µA1, P < 0.0001; Pre-ES vs. 200 µA2, P < 0.0001; Pre-ES vs. 300 µA1, P < 0.0001; Pre-ES vs. 300 µA2, P < 0.0001; Pre-ES vs. 300 µA3, P < 0.0001; 100 µA vs. 200 µA1, P = 0.0004; 100 µA vs. 200 µA2, P < 0.0001; 200 µA2 vs. 300 µA1, P < 0.0001; 300 µA1 vs. 300 µA2, P = 0.4424; 300 µA2 vs. 300 µA3, P = 0.0671;). d Mean action potential in AD mice pre and post each ES. e Average and normalized amplitude changes in AD mice pre and post each ES (n = 4 per group; data are presented as mean ± s.d.; P values: Pre-ES vs. 100 µA, P = 0.4352; Pre-ES vs. 200 µA1, P = 0.5646; Pre-ES vs. 200 µA2, P = 0.4913; Pre-ES vs. 300 µA1, P = 0.9491; Pre-ES vs. 300 µA2, P = 0.9508; Pre-ES vs. 300 µA3, P = 0.7707). Statistical significance was assessed by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-tests. ns, not significant (p ≥ 0.05); *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.

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