Fig. 5: Dynamic light scattering analyses of water-in-oil nanoemulsions.
From: Thermal Marangoni natural convection enables directional transport across immiscible liquids
a Temporal evolution of the polydispersity index (PDI) and z-average size of water nanodroplets. Samples were measured at 1 °C. Blue/orange symbols represent initial temperatures of 25 °C and 65 °C, respectively. The gray area indicates the comparability failure of PDI. A PDI below 0.1 (red dashed line) indicates that monodisperse distribution. b Droplet size distributions at selected temperatures during cooling. Solid lines: intensity-weighted size distributions; dashed lines: volume-weighted size distributions. The orange dashed box indicates the dominant size range in samples. Orange shading emphasizes the bimodal distribution at 15.2 °C. Evolution of mean droplet size versus temperature during heating and cooling cycles for T0 = 25 °C (c) and T0 = 65 °C (d). Blue-shaded regions represent error bands derived from connecting individual error bars. The gray arrows indicate the cooling and heating process.
