Fig. 2: Replacement of the psFDH with the cnFDH to support faster growth via the rGlyP.

a Schematic showing reactions and selected intermediates in the rGlyP and cofactors required for its activity. b, Protein/DNA complexes acquiring mutations during a short term adaptive laboratory evolution are shown (left: E. coli RNA polymerase (orange: RpoC, pink: upstream fork promoter DNA) PDB:6N62; Right: LacI dimer bound to lac operator (green: LacI dimer, pink:LacO DNA) PDB:1EFI). Mutated amino acids/nucleotides in each complex are colored red and labeled. Strains containing the indicated mutation are denoted by a red circle around their respective label. c Representative growth curves of the K4e and K4M strains in 100 mM formate minimal media. d Doubling times from (c). All differences between K4e and K4M strains are significant (K4M* p = 0.0007, K4Me1 p = 0.0007, K4Me2 p = 0.0001) (n = 6). Statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed t-test. e Proteomic analysis of cnFDH expression in the K4M base strain compared to K4M* isolating the effect of the lacO mutation. Proteomics revealed a decrease in repression due to a mutation in the lac operator as well as overall higher levels of expression. Individual data points are shown as the sum of all FDH subunits within each biological sample. For the proteomic analysis, strains were cultivated in M9 with 5 g/L yeast extract and 2% glucose to avoid a selective pressure imparted by growth on formate, which could modify expression level (n = 3). Data represent the mean ± s.d. of biological replicates. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.