Fig. 7: Long-term co-evolution and integration events between NALDVs and arthropods. | Nature Communications

Fig. 7: Long-term co-evolution and integration events between NALDVs and arthropods.

From: Discovery of novel non-retroviral endogenous viral elements reveals their long-term integration history in spiders

Fig. 7

Schematic depicting the integration and co-evolution history of arthropods and NALDVs. Multiple integration events of unidentified NALDVs occurred during the evolution of spiders. Ancient unidentified NALDVs related to class III nrEVEs were integrated into the TMRCA of spiders. These nrEVEs engaged in a long-term integration history with spiders and NALDVs related to classes I and II nrEVEs integrated into spiders more recently. The divergence time of NALDVs and their relevant nrEVEs or endoviruses were inferred from molecular dating analyses, and the host divergence times were based on Timetree44. The triangles and lines represent the integration of different viruses. Each virus branch and its corresponding integration events are color-coded according to the text labels. Different types of viral genes are symbolized by colored circles, with arrow on the evolutionary tree indicating the loss of these genes. The diagram above host branches shows the integration of different types of virus sequences on the chromosome. The diagram on the right side of the viral branches shows the morphology of different types of viruses and the types of viral genes they contain. The diagram of the bracovirus is shown next to Ichneumonoidea.

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