Fig. 7: In vitro ROS generation and nanocatalytic therapeutic performance of BCSO NSs against B16F10 cells.

Viability of (a) HUVEC and (b) B16F10 cells after incubation with various concentrations of BCSO NSs for different time (n = 6 independent biological samples, mean ± s.d., two-way ANOVA). c FCM images and d CLSM images of B16F10 cells after incubation with FITC-labeled BCSO NSs. e CLSM images of DCFH-DA-stained B16F10 cells under various treatments. f Intracellular ·O2− level of B16F10 cells after different treatments. g Live/dead staining of B16F10 cells in different groups. h Cytotoxicity assays of B16F10 cells across groups (n = 6 independent biological samples, mean ± s.d., one-way ANOVA). i FCM images of the apoptosis of B16F10 cells and (j) the corresponding quantitative analysis of apoptosis percentages in different groups (n = 3 independent biological samples, mean ± s.d., one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test). k CLSM images of JC-1-stained B16F10 cells following different treatments. l Schematic of the sono-piezoelectric nanocatalytic therapy (Created with BioRender.com). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.