Fig. 4: The high-fiber diet impacts the liver transcriptome more profoundly than CR in young male mice.

a Venn diagram showing the overlap between CR/RD DEGs and CF30m/RD DEGs. The ten overlapping gene sets were numbered I to X (Supplementary Data S3). b Bubble chart showing GO terms significantly enriched in group III (CF30m upregulated genes) but not in other groups. c Bubble chart showing GO terms related to immune responses that were significantly enriched in group VIII (CF30m uniquely downregulated genes) but not in other groups. d Stacked bar chart depicting the percentage of overlapping genes between the ten gene sets and aging genes (19 months versus 6 months DEGs) across any CR condition. Red outlines represent aging upregulated genes; blue outlines represent aging downregulated genes. e Heatmap (left) showing expression FC for group VIII (CF30m uniquely downregulated genes) across three age stages. Gene expression matrix Spearman correlation heatmaps (right) showing the similarity of expression pattern of group VIII (CF30m uniquely downregulated genes) under different feeding conditions. f Heatmap (left) showing expression FC for group VII (CF30m uniquely upregulated genes) across three age stages. Gene expression matrix Spearman correlation heatmaps (right) showing the similarity of expression pattern of group VII (CF30m uniquely upregulated genes) under different feeding conditions. g Expression of representative genes specifically downregulated by CF30m. Box-and-whisker plots (minimum, 25th percentile, median, 75th percentile, maximum), n = 6 mice per group. h Expression of representative genes specifically upregulated by CF30m. Box-and-whisker plots (minimum, 25th percentile, median, 75th percentile, maximum), n = 6 mice per group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 6 mice per group. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA (Dunnett’s test). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.