Fig. 5: Temporal trends in reproduction number.

A Estimated variations in the mean DENV R0 on August 1st across the outbreak years, considering all patches with a population density of at least ten inhabitants per hectare. Estimates are stratified by four Italian macro-areas and normalized to the average values observed across the four years. Points represent the mean difference in the macro-area, while lines show the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the distribution across the patches within each macro-area. North-East (South Tyrol, Trentino, Emilia-Romagna, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Veneto): 370,736 patches; North-West (Liguria, Lombardy, Piedmont, Aosta Valley): 455,061 patches; Centre (Lazio, Marche, Tuscany, Umbria): 286,690 patches; South (Abruzzo, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Molise, Sardinia, Sicily): 438,542 patches. B Same as (A) but for CHIKV.