Fig. 3: Enhanced powering performance of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) by impedance decoupling strategy (IDS).

a, b Dynamic output voltage and output current of TENG in traditional strategy (TS, a) and IDS (b) with different sensor resistance (RS). c output voltage and output current of TENG in TS and IDS varies with RS summarized from a and b. Voltage measured by IDS stable with increasing RS and current decreases. d Normalized on/off ratios measured by IDS under different fixed resistors (RF). When the ratio of RS-min to RF exceeds 10, the on/off ratio of sensor measured by IDS is accurate. e, On/off ratio of sensors measured by TS and IDS varies with on-state RS (102–109 Ω). On/off ratio of sensors measured by IDS is accurate when RF is selected properly. f, On/off ratios obtained by TS and IDS under different contact frequencies (f) of TENG triboelectric layers. On/off ratios measured by IDS is insensitive to f, and while on/off ratio measured by TS varies with f and is smaller than that measured by IDS.