Fig. 4: The relationship among VLR sequences across lamprey species.

aVLRF and VLRA are phylogenetically close in all lamprey species. The phylogenetic tree is constructed by using the protein-coding segments of germline VLR genes in six different lamprey species. Bootstrap values are provided for all branches. Mm, Mordacia mordax; Ga, Geotria australis; Pm, Petromyzon marinus; Et, Entosphenus tridentatus; Lp, Lampetra planeri; Lr, Lethenteron reissneri. Note that the current version of the Mordacia mordax genome lacks detectable orthologs for VLRD. b Genomic map of germline VLRA and VLRF in short-headed lamprey (Mordacia mordax), Far Eastern brook lamprey (Lethenteron reissneri) and Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus). The distance between germline VLRA and VLRF is much larger in L. reissneri and E. tridentatus than in M mordax, as indicated by the gap. The map is not drawn to scale. Filled triangles above the germline genes indicate transcription orientation.