Fig. 9: Illustration of the time-matched release of Mg²⁺ with the treatment windows for AIS.

Stage 1: The “Burst” stage of Mg²⁺ release corresponds to the hyperacute stage of AIS characterized by severe neural injury. The stent exhibits a substantial initial burst release of Mg²⁺, which provides high-dose neuroprotective effects by rapidly diffusing across the compromised BBB to target ischemic death neurons. Stage 2: The “Fast” stage of Mg²⁺ release corresponds to the acute stage of AIS characterized by cerebral edema formation. Mg²⁺ is released at a controlled yet therapeutically effective rate—reduced from the “Burst” stage but maintained at levels sufficient to support neural repair mechanisms including BBB and neuronal repair. The presence of Mg²⁺ attenuates secondary injury while facilitating progressive neuronal recovery. Stage 3: The “Stable” stage of Mg²⁺ release corresponds to the subacute stage of AIS characterized by active brain tissue remodeling. Mg²⁺ release kinetics transition to a slow, sustained profile, ultimately achieving dynamic equilibrium. BBB integrity is restored, and neuronal recovery advances. The radial force of the stent is significantly reduced.