Fig. 7: Female BAT PGC-1α regulates systemic energy metabolism in coordination with estrogen signaling.
From: Sex difference in BAT thermogenesis depends on PGC-1α–mediated phospholipid synthesis in mice
a Oxygen consumption (VO2) recordings in response to NE in vehicle and tamoxifen (TMX) -treated mice. n = 4 per group. p = 0.4129 (Male Veh vs. Male TMX), p = 0.0168 (Female Veh vs. Female TMX). b Representative electron micrographs of mitochondria from BAT of control and TMX-treated mice. Scale bar = 1 μm. c Total cristae length per mitochondrion. n = 30 per group. p < 0.0001 for Male Veh vs. Female Veh, and p < 0.0001 for Female Veh vs. Female TMX. d Venn diagram showing the number of downregulated genes in male and female TMX-treated mice compared with controls. e Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of genes downregulated only in Female KO mice. The top 10 enriched terms are shown with enrichment p-values generated by Metascape using cumulative hypergeometric tests (one-sided). P-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure (FDR). f Gene expression of Chrebpβ and DNL-related genes in BAT. n = 5 per group. p = 0.0454 and 0.0225 for Acss2 (Male Veh vs. Female Veh and Female Veh vs. Female TMX, respectively); p = 0.0447 for Elovl6 (Female Veh vs. Female TMX). g Pgc1a mRNA levels in BAT. n = 5 per group. p = 0.0025 (Male Veh vs. Female Veh). h Gene expression in BAT explants from the BAT of Control and KO mice of both sexes treated with vehicle (n = 8 Male Control, n = 7 Male KO, n = 6 Female Control, and n = 8 Female KO) or 17β-estradiol (E2) (n = 8 Male Control, n = 7 Male KO, n = 7 Female Control, and n = 8 Female KO). p = 0.0465 for Female Control Veh vs. E2, and p = 0.0128 for Female Control E2 vs. Female KO E2 for Chrebpβ; p = 0.0339 for Female Control E2 vs. Female KO E2 for Acly; p = 0.0329 for Female Control E2 vs. Female KO E2 for Fasn. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA (a) and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (c, f–h). Significance is indicated (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001). ns not significant. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
