Fig. 2: In vitro osteogenic effect of the chip.
From: Self-reinforced piezoelectric chip for scaffold-free repair of critical-sized bone defects
ALP staining (a) and ALP activity (c) of BMSCs cultured in the control, control + vibration, film + vibration, and chip + vibration groups for 7 days. Alizarin Red staining (b) and its qualitative analysis (d) of the extracellular matrix of BMSCs cultured in the control, control + vibration, film + vibration, and chip + vibration groups for 21 days. e Expression levels of osteogenic-related genes, including Col-1a, BMP-2, and Runx2 of BMSCs, were measured and normalized to the GAPDH. f Representative images of immunofluorescence staining of BMP-2 (Red) and Runx2 (Green). g Semi-qualitative analysis of BMP-2 and Runx2 expression derived from panel (f). h Western blot results of the expression of Runx2, Col-1a, and BMP-2 after 7 days of culture. i Quantitative study of the grayscale of protein expression derived from panel (h). Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 biological replicates). Two-sided ANOVA with a Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
