Fig. 6: NO nanopumps alleviate the senescence of LepR⁺ cells and reverse their differentiation fate.

A In vitro treatment schedule. B, C Representative images and quantitative analysis of SA-β-Gal staining in different treatment groups (n = 3 independent experiments). Scale bar, 100 μm. (D–G) Representative images and quantitative analysis of ALP and ARS staining in different treatment groups (n = 3 independent experiments). Scale bar, 100 μm. H, I Representative images and quantitative analysis of Oil red O staining in different treatment groups (n = 3 independent experiments). Scale bar, 100 μm. J–O qPCR analysis of osteogenic (Alp, Ocn, Osx, and Runx2) and adipogenic (Fabp4 and Pparγ) gene expression in LepR⁺ stromal cells (n = 3 independent experiments). The data are shown as the means ± SDs. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison tests (multiple groups); *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.005. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.