Fig. 8: NO nanopumps upregulate the glycolytic pathway to alleviate LepR⁺ cell senescence.

A KEGG pathway analysis of the H₂O₂ + CB-LepR and H₂O₂ groups. B GSEA of the H₂O₂ + CB-LepR and H₂O₂ groups. C Venn analyses of genes related to glycolysis in the PBS, H₂O₂, and H₂O₂ + CB-LepR groups. D Heatmap of differentially expressed glycolysis-related genes in the PBS, H₂O₂ and H₂O₂ + CB-LepR groups. E, F Representative images and quantitative analysis of SA-β-Gal staining (n = 3 independent experiments). Scale bars, 50 μm. G mRNA levels of genes in the glycolytic pathway, including Pkm2 and Ldha (n = 3 independent experiments). H–J Seahorse assay of glycolytic activity (ECAR) in LepR⁺ cells after 24 h of different treatments (n = 3 independent experiments). The data are shown as the means ± SDs. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison tests (multiple groups); *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.005. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.