Fig. 4: Analysis of excited hot carrier dynamics.
From: Pseudo-Landau levels splitting triggers quantum friction at folded graphene edge
a, Schematic diagram of the transient absorption (TA) measurement, with a pump and a probe pulse directed onto a graphene sample with a variable delay. Transient absorption (TA) mapping and the corresponding normalized TA spectra (0.6-10 ps) of folded (b) and exposed (c) graphene edges pumped at 350 nm. d, e The normalized decay dynamic and carrier cooling curves for the folded and exposed graphene edges, respectively. f Energy loss rate of hot carriers plotted as a function of carrier temperature (Tc), extracted from the cooling curve in (e). The solid lines are fitted using a longitudinal optical (LO)-phonon emission model. g Schematic illustration of the relation of friction excited carriers in pristine graphene with massless Dirac cones (left) and folded graphene attaining PLLs (right). The three axes represent the electron cooling time, LO phonon emission lifetime (τLO) and acoustic phonon temperature (Ta), respectively. The black lines in (d−f) represent the fitting results of corresponding data, and the functional forms and fitting parameters are shown in Supplementary Note 11 and 14.
