Fig. 5: Observed versus modeled trends in strong stabilization events and late-season LAI.

The relationship between trends in the frequency of strong stabilization events and in late-season LAI among MODIS observation and individual models from 2003 to 2021 for both water-limited (a) and energy-limited (b) regions. Time series of the averaged late-season LAI for the water-limited (c) and energy-limited (d) regions among MODIS (green color) and TRENDY ensemble (black color) and all individual model (grey color). The p values (p) in (a) and (b) for the trends in late-season LAI are presented above, while those for the strong stabilizing feedbacks are provided below. Sample size is 34198 in water-limited region and 113202 in energy-limited region. The significance level was evaluated using a two-sided t test on the basis of ordinary least squares regression model.