Fig. 2: GmLDL2 delays flowering time in soybean.
a The phenotype of whole plants and flowers of HX3, ef1, and two GmLDL2 overexpressed transgenic lines under short-day conditions. The two GmLDL2 complementary lines showed later flowering compared to ef1. White arrow, magnified view. Scale bars, 10 cm. b The flowering time of HX3, ef1, and two GmLDL2 overexpressed transgenic lines under SD (11 h/13 h) and LD (15 h/9 h) conditions. c The design of sgRNAs for CRISPR/Cas9 to knock out GmLDL2. Two sgRNAs targeting the CDS of GmLDL2 are labeled in red. Results of Sanger sequencing of target sites in T1 generations in HX3 and Gmldl2 mutants. sgRNA target and PAM sequences were shown in red and blue, respectively. UTR untranslated region. d Predicted amino acid sequences of GmLDL2 in HX3 and Gmldl2 mutants. Missense amino acids resulting from the frameshift caused by CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations are shown in red. The asterisk indicates the termination of translation resulting from a stop codon. e The phenotypes of whole plants and flowers of HX3, ef1, Gmldl2-2, and Gmldl2-3 under short-day conditions. ef1, Gmldl2-2, and Gmldl2-3 showed early flowering compared to HX3. White arrow, magnified view. Scale bars, 10 cm. f The flowering time of all varieties examined under SD (11 h/13 h) and LD (15 h/9 h) conditions. g, h The expression levels of GmFT2a and GmFT5a in HX3, ef1, Gmldl2-2, and Gmldl2-3 at ZT4 in SD (11 h/ 13 h) conditions. Data represent means ± SD (n = 10 plants) in (b and f), and data represent means ± SD (n = 3 biological replicates) in (g, h). The P value was generated from a two-sided Student’s t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
