Fig. 3: Quantitative phase analysis of the binary phase plate.

a A far-field diffraction pattern obtained under narrowband illumination is presented, which is displayed on a logarithmic scale. b The reconstructed structured probe and its backward propagation to the pinhole are showcased. c Reconstructed phase of binary phase plate achieved from traditional ptychography with 1% bandwidth. The bright areas signify patterned regions, while the dark areas correspond to blank regions. d The 3D visualization of the region enclosed by the red box in (c) and the phase profile along the red dashed line. e The diffraction pattern obtained under 60% bandwidth uniform illumination exhibits pronounced blur. f The reconstructed uniform probe and its backward propagation. g Reconstructed phase of the same sample using ultra-broadband ptychography shows image distortion compared to (c). h 3D phase map and phase profile of the same region as in (d). i The diffraction pattern obtained under 60% bandwidth structured illumination. j The reconstructed structured probe and its backward propagation. k Reconstructed phase using ultra-broadband ptychography exhibits similar quality to (c). l A 3D visualization and phase profile similar to those shown in (d). The scale bar in (c) corresponds to 280 μm and the scale bar in (g, k) correspond to 270 μm.