Fig. 2: Rhizosphere resource utilization and metabolic interaction simulation of six plant-beneficial strains.

a Heatmap showing the utilization spectrum of 58 common rhizosphere carbon sources by six plant-beneficial strains, with OmniLog values indicating cell respiration intensity. These data were used to calculate each strain’s resource utilization width and overlap (b). To provide a dynamic and integrative view of the relationship between resource utilization and metabolic interaction, genome-scare metabolic models refined with Biolog data were constructed to simulate all 57 possible community combinations (with two to six members each), enabling the calculation of two key indices: metabolic interaction potential (MIP), indicating cooperative potential, and metabolic resource overlap (MRO), indicating competitive pressure. c Correlation between average resource utilization widths and corresponding MIP/MRO scores in the paired communities. d Changes in MIP/MRO scores with increasing community size. e Correlation between average resource utilization widths and corresponding MIP/MRO scores in communities with three or more members. The line represents a linear regression fit with 95% confidence interval (asymptotic). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.