Fig. 5: Genome-wide analysis of H3K9bhb in rice spikelets treated with water (H2O) and 100 µM BHB.
a Analysis of histone Kbhb levels in rice spikelets treated with different concentrations of BHB. Histones were acid-extracted from the rice spikelets and immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. The immunoblot signals were quantified using ImageJ. Relative quantified signals for each band are indicated, with the control loading set as 1.00. Images shown are representative of two independent experiments. b Ridge plots of H3K9bhb levels in rice spikelets treated with H2O and BHB. c Cumulative density plots of H3K9bhb levels in rice spikelets treated with H2O and BHB. d Scatter plot of ChIP-seq data showing the differential occupancy of H3K9bhb in rice spikelets treated with BHB relative to those treated with H2O. e GO enriched pathways of H3K9bhb significantly upregulated genes. f Volcano plots of differential transcript levels in rice spikelets treated with BHB and H2O. g GO pathway analysis of the genes (n = 3898) that were upregulated in BHB compared to H2O-treated rice spikelets. h Cumulative density plots of H3K9bhb levels for genes significantly upregulated in (f) in rice spikelets treated with H2O and BHB. i Correlation analysis of expression changes and H3K9bhb changes in BHB-treated versus H2O-treated rice spikelets. The person correlation coefficient is shown. P-values were determined by a two-tailed, paired Student’s ttest. j GO-enriched pathways of genes (n = 599) that exhibit hyper-H3K9bhb and significantly upregulated expression levels. k Resistance assay of the wide-type NPB and wak90 mutant plants against U. virens HWD-2 at 21 dpi, data are means ± SD from nine panicles. l Disease symptoms and leaf lesions of the wild-type NPB and wak90 mutant plants at 14 dpi following spot inoculation with M. oryzae ZB25. Relative fungal biomass was determined using RT-qPCR for M. oryzae MoPot2 and normalized to rice OsUBQ1, data are means ± SD from three replicates. The P-values in (c, h) were calculated using a two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The read counts in (b, c, and h) were normalized using the DESeq2 size factor normalization method. Data in (k, l) are analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by two-sided LSD test for multiple comparisons, and the adjusted P-values were shown. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
