Fig. 1: Phenotyping of vessel subtype-specific response to cerebral hypoperfusion.

a Schematic of BCAS performed on a mouse. Created in BioRender. Wazny, V. (2025) https://BioRender.com/ujauv4d. b A time course of percentage of cerebral blood flow changes relative to their respective baseline values of individual mice (n = 11 sham, n = 10 BCAS). Statistical significances reflect differences of sham versus BCAS. c Representative immunofluorescence images of Pecam1-positive cerebral vessels (red) acquired 10 days or 60 days post-BCAS surgery. Statistical significances reflect differences of day 10 versus day 60 post-BCAS. Scale bars, 100 µm. d Three-dimensional images of cerebral vasculatures injected with 500 kDa FITC-conjugated dextran (green). Alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA, green) was used to distinguish arterial (striated) from venous (discontinuous αSMA) vessels. Quantitative analysis of the number of sprouts per 100 μm of vessel length was determined. White arrows indicate angiogenic sprouts. Statistical significances reflect differences of sham versus BCAS. Scale bars, 30 µm. e Representative immunofluorescence images of arterial and venous vessels stained with Pecam1 (red) and αSMA (white) at 10 days and 60 days post-BCAS. Quantitative analysis of the lumen diameter measured by the shortest length across every vessel cross-section. Statistical significances reflect differences of sham versus BCAS. Scale bars, 20 µm. f Representative immunofluorescence images of eNOS (green) protein expression on Pecam1-positive cerebral vessels (red). Protein expression of eNOS was quantified by eNOS signal intensity per area of the vessel. Statistical significances reflect differences of sham versus BCAS. Scale bars, 20 µm. b–f Data points represent individual animals in mean \(\pm\) s.d.; unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney test comparing two groups (two-sided). c–f Sample size: 10 days [n = 12 sham (6 females, 6 males), n = 10 BCAS (5 females, 5 males)] or 60 days [n = 13 sham (6 females, 7 males), n = 10 BCAS (5 females, 5 males)]. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.