Fig. 1: Established and new catalytic methods for the formation of the C(sp3)–C(sp3) cross-coupled products. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Established and new catalytic methods for the formation of the C(sp3)–C(sp3) cross-coupled products.

From: Photocatalytic C(sp3)–C(sp3) cross-coupling of carboxylic acids and alkyl halides using a nickel complex and carbon nitride

Fig. 1

Multi-step synthesis involving n-BuLi and Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation (a), Pd-catalyzed coupling of an organozinc reagent with an alkyl bromide (b), Ni and Ir dual catalysis under visible light (c), light-driven Ni catalyst with a highly abundant carbon nitride photocatalyst (d). The study herein points to the first semi-heterogeneous method to synthesize sp3–hybridized molecules using visible light and only earth-abundant catalysts. Photocatalyst prices reported in the figure are obtained from Merck.

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