Fig. 8: Schematic illustration of cell wall structure and remodeling in Candida species.

Four panels are presented for C. albicans and C. auris AR386 in the presence and absence of caspofungin. The schematic plots are based on information on cell wall thickness from TEM measurements and molecular composition, dynamics, hydration gradient, and intermolecular interactions from solid-state NMR results from this study, as well as literature reported molecule location and linkage patterns35,36. The sizes and orientations of the polymers are hypothetical. Dashed lines are used to distinguish rigid and mobile domains within the cell wall. Different carbohydrates are color-coded. Blue: type-a β-1,6-glucan, pink: type-b β-1,6-gluca; dark yellow: mannan; light orange: chitin: gray: membrane; green: protein; purple: β-1,6-glucan. Open blue circles represent the β−1,3-glucoside branching along the β−1,6-glucan backbone, as recently determined36. The background color gradient from orange to blue highlights the water gradient from poorly hydrated to well-hydrated.