Fig. 2: Mechanism of ion-mediated non-volatility. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Mechanism of ion-mediated non-volatility.

From: Photomediated ion dynamics enables multi-modal learning, memory and sensing in ultralow-voltage organic electrochemical device

Fig. 2

a, Schematic illustrations of an ion-modulated program-erase process. b, VG-dependent non-volatility under five 520 nm light pulses (0.1 mW cm–2, 1.5 s). c,d, Effect of VG on memory level (LM) (c) and memory capability (CM) (d) in five memory states. VD is fixed at –0.1 V. e, Schematic illustration of spectroscopic measurements. f,g, Spectroelectrochemistry of chlorophyll/P3HT film (f) and P3HT film (g) before and after light illumination (520 nm, 0.1 mW cm−2 for 5 s) at VG = –0.5 V. h, The time-dependent output currents of the devices with/without chlorophyll are measured at VG, VD = –0.1 V under five sequential light pulses (520 nm, 0.1 mW cm–2 for 1.5 s). i, Theoretical studies on the charge separation of active layer with/without chlorophyll. The colors blue and orange represent holes and electrons, respectively. j, Time-resolved PL spectra of chlorophyll, P3HT and chlorophyll/P3HT obtained at 650 nm with excitation wavelength of 400 nm.

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