Fig. 5: Comprehensive demonstrations.
From: Untethered soft microrobot driven by a single actuator for agile navigations

The untethered microrobot demonstrates the locomotion of: (a) designed path, (b) CW and (c) CCW steering. The maximum relative speed and angular velocity is 4.8 BL/s (9.6 cm/s) and 4.88 rad/s (280 °/s), respectively. d The untethered microrobot travels through a narrow quartz tube with an average relative speed of 3.1 BL/s (6.2 cm/s). e An untethered microrobot transits from an acrylic board to the water surface. The two insets show the side views on an inclined acrylic board and the water surface, respectively. f–h the locomotion of the microrobot with straight, CW and CCW motions on the water’s surface, respectively.