Table 4 Association of GDF11/8, GDF8 and GDF11 with Dementia

From: Activated GDF11/8 subforms predict cardiovascular events and mortality in humans

Outcome

Model

Per log2 increase

  

GDF11/8

GDF8

GDF11

  

HR (95% CI)

p-value

HR (95% CI)

p-value

HR (95% CI)

p-value

Dementia

Unadjusted (Model 0)

0.751 (0.597 – 0.945)

p = 0.0147

0.892 (0.715 – 1.114)

p = 0.313

0.999 (0.910 – 1.099)

p = 0.991

Model 1

0.635 (0.495 – 0.814)

p = 0.00034

0.980 (0.796 – 1.207)

p = 0.849

0.988 (0.902 – 1.082)

p = 0.797

Model 2

0.655 (0.511 – 0.839)

p = 0.00083

0.986 (0.801 – 1.213)

p = 0.892

0.993 (0.907 – 1.088)

p = 0.884

Model 3

0.663 (0.514 – 0.854)

p = 0.00148

0.990 (0.805 – 1.217)

p = 0.925

0.995 (0.909 – 1.089)

p = 0.907

  1. Associations were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models (two-sided) over an 8 year follow-up. GDF11/8, GDF8, and GDF11 were analyzed per log₂ increase in circulating ligand level. Results are reported as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and exact p-values. Bolded values indicate statistical significance (p  <  0.05).
  2. Model 1 adjusts for age, sex, race-center, education, and APOEε4 status.
  3. Model 2 additionally adjusts for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR-creatinine).
  4. Model 3 additionally adjusts for body mass index, diabetes status, hypertension treatment, and smoking status.
  5. All models met the proportional hazards assumption, which was verified by Schoenfeld residuals.
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