Fig. 1: Coincidence measurements of ICD in liquid H2O and D2O with XUV photons of 63.5 eV.

a Comparison of the energy spectra of ICD electrons from liquid H2O (black solid) and D2O (red solid). The energy spectra are obtained by integrating over the rectangle area delimited by dashed red lines (\({{{{\rm{e}}}}}_{1}\in \left[24.5,40.5\right]\) eV) from (b, d), respectively. The spectra are normalized to their maximum for comparison. c Comparison of the electron-pair spectra of liquid H2O (black solid) and D2O (red solid) as a function of their electron-pair binding energy, obtained by summing along lines of constant total energy (E(e1) + E(e2)), i.e. lines parallel to the green dashed lines in (b, d), respectively. The spectra are normalized to the total electron-pair counts for comparison. b, d Coincidence map of electron pairs produced by ionization of the inner-valence 2a1 band in liquid H2O and D2O (note the logarithmic intensity scale), respectively. The area between the two red lines is dominated by 2a1-photoelectron/ICD-electron pairs.