Fig. 1: Identification of the AcRR1 gene from Agropyron cristatum chromosome 6P.

Spikelet number (a), grain number per spikelet (b), and grain number per spike (c) of lines 5113 and II-30-5. d Interval of the A. cristatum 6P chromosome containing genes responsible for the high GNS. The gray box represents the 6P chromosome. Spikelet number (e), grain number per spikelet (f), and grain number per spike (g) of lines WAT65b and WAT63b. h Heatmap of a subset of DEGs between the wheat–A. cristatum 6P addition lines 5113 and II-30-5 within the interval of 0.22‒0.53 on chromosome 6P. i Comparison of the temporal expression of Ac6P01G257700 in the wheat–A. cristatum addition lines 5113 and II-30-5. The different developmental periods represented by Roman numerals are the single ridge stage (I), double ridge stage (II), floret differentiation stage (III), pistil and stamen formation stage (IV), tetrad stage (V) and three days before heading (VI). j The position and gene structure of Ac6P01G257700. The black rectangular box represents the centromere. The blue rectangular boxes represent exons, and the gray lines represent introns. The data are presented as the means ± S.D.s. In (a‒c, e‒g) n represents the number of biologically independent plants. Boxes represent the median values and the first and third quartiles; whiskers represent the minimum and maximum values. In (i) n = 3 biologically independent replicates. A two-tailed Student’s t test was used to determine P values. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.