Fig. 5: Stratification of imaging phenotypes based on their transcriptomic association with GABA_A-receptor subunits.

a Upper panel: Standardization of neuroanatomical imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) based on the neurotypical trajectory of cortical thickness (CT). All IPs were transformed to unit standard deviations relative to the canonical trajectory of CT (Δ_CT). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation of residuals across individuals. Note. For illustration purposes only. Lower panel: hierarchical clustering of IPs based on their transcriptomic association with GABA_AR subunits. b Differences in levels of anxiety and depression between subgroups with a differential transcriptomic association with GABA_AR subunits. BAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory; BYI-II: Beck Youth Inventories 2nd Edition; BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory 2nd Edition; self: self-reports; parents: parent-reports. Error bars present mean values ± standard deviations. c Brain-behavioral correlations between self-reported measures of anxiety in adults and the individuals’ total degree of neuroanatomical diversity in CT within brain regions with high mRNA expression levels of GABA_AR subunit Cluster 1 and Cluster 2. Masks were generated by applying a threshold to the mean expression patterns of genes within each cluster, anchored at the 80th percentile of their distribution across the cortex. Shaded area indicates the 95% confidence interval around the regression line.