Fig. 2: Differential expression analysis of sRNA in sperm concentration, fertilisation rate and rate of high-quality embryos.
From: Small RNA in sperm–Paternal contributions to human embryo development
a Comparison of high and low sperm concentration (>/≤16 million sperm/mL). Pie charts represent up and downregulated sequences respectively, where the percentage of normalised sequences per biotype is shown. b Comparison of high and low fertilisation rate (≥/< 70%). Pie charts represent up and downregulated sequences respectively, where the percentage of normalised sequences per biotype is shown. c Comparison of high and low rate of high-quality embryos (≥/< 20%). Pie charts represent up and downregulated sequences respectively, where the percentage of normalised sequences per biotype is shown. Pink=long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), orange=mitochondrial small RNA (mitosRNA), yellow = piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), brown= ribosomal RNA derived fragments (rsRNA), blue=transfer RNA derived fragments (tsRNA), red=microRNA (miRNA), light beige=unannotated, green=ribonucleoprotein associated sRNA. Cpm=counts per million. Ribonucleoproteins include SRPs, vault-RNA, snRNA, snoRNA, scaRNA and Y-RNA. Upregulated are sequences with an adjusted P value of <0.1 and a log2 fold change above 1, whereas downregulated are sequences with an adjusted P value of <0.1 and a log2 fold change below -1. Adjusted P values and log2 fold changes shown in a, b and c were all produced by differential expression analysis with DESeq2 as described in the “Methods section”. Up and downregulated RNA are marked blue in volcano plots.
