Fig. 6: ATG8ylation facilitates the recruitment of the ER to the vacuolar membrane.

a Monensin treatment induced the redistribution of the ER to the vicinity of the vacuolar membrane. A plot profile analysis of the co-localization between CNX-GFP and mCherry-ATG8f was presented, with the white dashed line in the inset 1 indicating the region of interest. The arrow in inset 2 indicates an ATG8-positive invaginated vesicle. Scale bar, 20 μm. b 3D electron tomography analysis of the structural organization between the ER and vacuole. Magenta arrowheads in the individual slices (N = 60 and 110) indicated the ER. 3D models reconstructed from the tomography were presented on the right. The blue arrows indicated the invaginating vesicles. Scale bars, 1 μm. c Impact of ATG7 mutation on ER localization following monensin treatment. Co-localization analysis of CNX-RFP and YFP-ATG8e in the atg7-2 mutant background is presented on the right. d Monensin treatment induces the co-localization of YFP-ATG2 with mCherry-ATG8f at the vacuolar membrane. e The impact of ATG2 mutation on ER localization following monensin treatment. f Time-lapse analysis of ATG8-positive invaginated vesicle formation in atg2-1 mutant background following monensin treatment. White arrowheads indicated ATG8-positive invaginated vesicles. Scale bars in (c–f), 20 μm. Similar confocal imaging results were obtained in at least six individual roots with three replicates. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.