Fig. 8: Trajectory inference of monocytes differentiation.

a The trajectories of monocytes were visualized and colored according to pseudotime (left) and cell state (right). b Pseudotime trajectory analysis of monocytes among each group, where each dot signified an individual cell and was colored according to its cluster label. c Heatmap representation of GO analysis findings for signaling pathways unique to fate 1, plotted along pseudotime. d Heatmap displaying the top 10 regulons in each cell type, with the average AUC (Area Under the Curve) matrix clustered. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of target genes for each transcription factor. This visualization reveals the transcriptional regulators most strongly associated with each cell type, offering clues to the transcriptional control mechanisms at play during monocyte differentiation. e UMAP visualization showing monocyte subpopulations clustered by fate. Mono_S01 represented cells on the pre-branch, indicating an undifferentiated or initial state. Mono_S02 represents cells on the fate 2 branch, and Mono_S03 represents cells on the fate 1 branch, indicating differentiated states along two distinct developmental paths. The presence of cells on the fate 1 and fate 2 branches were denoted by Mono_S03 and Mono_S02, respectively, demonstrating different stages of differentiation across two unique developmental trajectories. f UMAP visualization displaying the scoring of the inflammatory response set for each monocyte. g Quantification of cell subpopulation enrichment based on the Ro/e value for each cell population. h Dot plot showing the highly variable genes for three cell classifications. The diameter of each circle reflected the percentage of cells expressing the gene in the subtype, and the color denotes the mean expression.