Fig. 3: Possible reaction pathways for coupling and sequence defects between two isatin-based comonomers. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Possible reaction pathways for coupling and sequence defects between two isatin-based comonomers.

From: Revealing polymerisation defects and formation mechanisms in aldol condensation for conjugated polymers via high-resolution molecular imaging

Fig. 3

a Coupling defect. Reactions c2-c4 lead to the formation of kinks in the polymer backbone, with progressively shallower angles. The carbonyls β and α to the nitrogen atom of the pyrrole ring, where the reaction takes place, are circled in green and black, respectively. b Possible reaction pathways leading to AA and BB polymer sequence defects. A and B comonomers are marked in red and blue, respectively.

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