Fig. 4: STM characterisation of polymer 3. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: STM characterisation of polymer 3.

From: Revealing polymerisation defects and formation mechanisms in aldol condensation for conjugated polymers via high-resolution molecular imaging

Fig. 4

a Large-scale STM image (50 nm × 50 nm, V = 950 mV, I = 110 pA) of copolymer 3. b High-resolution STM image showing defects in the polymer sequence and backbone structure (5 nm × 10 nm, V = 247 mV, I = 140 pA). The kink in the backbone is marked by a pink oval and corresponds to a c2 (cis) coupling (less frequent cases of c3 and c4 couplings are shown in Supplementary Fig. S10). A geometry-optimised molecular model of the polymer is overlayed on the image in (b). Letters A and B refer to the two comonomers of polymer 3 defined in Fig. 1.

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